Class-9 Economics Chapter-3 Poverty as a Challenge

 

EVENTS CONVENT HIGH SCHOOL

18/01/2021                       CLASS-9                                  SLOT-2

SOCIAL SCIENCE(ECONOMICS)

CHAPTER -3 POVERTY AS A CHALLENGE

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A.Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.The bases of the comparison of income level is –
(a) absolute poverty
(b) relative poverty
(c) complete poverty
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) relative poverty

Question 2.The state having maximum population of poor in India –
(a) Meghalaya
(b) Assam
(c) Bihar
(d) Madhya Pradesh.
Answer:
(a) Meghalaya

Question 3.For how many days is employment provided under the Employment Guarantee Act 2005 –
(a) 25 days
(b) 50 days
(c) 75 days
(d) 100 days.
Answer:
(d) 100 days.

B.Fill in the blank:

1. An average income obtained by a person in a financial year is called per capital income
2. Relative Poverty means disparity of income.
3. The concept of poverty line as first given by the Indian economist Shri Dandekar.
4. The poorest district of Madhya Pradesh is Jhabua
5. To measure the poverty in India generally two criteria are used first is absolute poverty and second relative poverty.

 

Crue or False:

1.     Rapid growth of population increases the poverty.    [True]

2.    Punjab is the poorest state of India.                 [False]

3.    Employment Guarantee Act provides 5 kilograms of cereals and a minimum 20 percentage wages in cash.                                   [False]

4.    People are considered as below poverty live in India who are unable to obtain nutrition of 2100 calories per day in urban areas.                 [True]

5.    According to the report of planning commission in 2005 Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh is the poorest district in India.                        [True]

D.Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.What are the main economic challenges before India?
Answer:Poverty, rapidly increasing population, widespread unemployment, rapidly increasing prices, regional imbalance and increasing economic disparities are the main economic challenges before India.

Question 2.What is poverty line?
Answer:By poverty line is meant that minimum economic standard which is necessary for their livelihood.

Question 3.Mention the name of three states of India having the largest population of poorer.
Answer:Bihar, Orissa and Sikkim.

Question 4.Write about the social causes responsible for poverty.
Answer:The social causes responsible for poverty are ignorance, fatalism, conservation etc.

E.Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.How does growth of population increase poverty? Explain.
Answer:The population in India is rapidly increasing. Every year about 1.81 crore people are added to the existing population in India. According to the census of 2001 the annual growth of j population in India during the decade of 1991 – 2001 was 1.93. This leads to low per capital income and consumption and low standard  of living. It promotes poverty.

Question 2.What changes have occurred in the condition of poverty during the last years in India? Mention.
Answer:In India during the past years there has been a continuous decline in the population of people living below poverty line. In the year 1973 – 74 these were 54.9 per cent and in year 1993 – 94 36 per cent. It is estimated that in’the year 2006 – 07 the number of poor will reach 22 – 01 i.e. 19.3 per cent.

Question 3.Explain the state-wise condition of poverty in India.
Answer: 

Question 4.Write about the main characteristics of the Employment Guarantee Act 2005.

Answer:The chief goal of the Employment Guarantee Act 2005 is to provide 100 days employment every year to at least one adult of each rural or urban poor and low income family. Under this program me it is necessary to provide employment to an applicant within 15 days.

If employment is not provided within the due time then an unemployment allowance will be given to the concerned person. The allowance would be at least one – third of the minimum wages. This scheme was implemented on 2nd February, 2006 in 200 most backward districts of the country.

Question 5.What is the basis to measure poverty?
Answer:There are two criteria which are used to measure poverty. First absolute poverty and second relative poverty.

Absolute Poverty:Absolute poverty is inability to be offered the basic amenities (food, clothing and health). All those people living below poverty line are included under it.

Relative Poverty:It means disparity of inc e. It implies international income, economic inequalities and regional economic disparities.

 F.Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.What are the reasons responsible for poverty in India?
Answer:The main reasons responsible for poverty in India are:

1. Defective Development Strategy:
In India strategy a contradiction of poverty with growth is seen because the benefits of development are limited to only some people.

As a result of it the poor are becoming poorer and the rich richer. Opportunities for further progress are available to the educated and people who have facilities while the poor are unable to obtain even higher and technical education, due – to scarcity of wealth. The Government has made job opportunities available but its progress is very slow.

2. Unemployment:
Unemployment in India is widespread. According to an estimate there are about 5 crore unemployed people in India. The number of unemployed persons is increasing continuously, which is an important factor for poverty. In rural areas disguised unemployment also exists along with unemployment and seasonal unemployment. The increasing number of unemployed people decreases the productivity of individuals and the standard of income.

3. Low Per Capital Income:
In India poverty is expanding because of low per capital income. As compared to the developed countries of the world the per capital income in India is very low. According to the report of the World Bank of the year 2004 the per capital income in India is only 480 Dollars (about Rs. 24,000/-). Low per capital income is the chief reason of poverty in India.

4. Rapid Growth of Population:
The population in India is increasing rapidly. As regards population India ranks second in the world. Every year about 1.81 crore people are added to The existing population in India. According to the census of 2001 the annual growth of population in India during the decade of 1991 2001 was 1.93. This leads to low per capital income and consumption and low standard of living. It promotes poverty.

5. Use of Natural Resources:
Minerals, forest wealth and .human resources etc. in India are in abundance. But till now they have not been used in a proper way. The scanty use of natural resources is also a reason of poverty.

6. Inflation and Price Rise:
A huge amount of wealth is spent on the accomplishment of the development tasks. It generates inflationary pressure on the economy and the prices start increasing. As a result the problem of poverty becomes more severe.

7. Low Standard of Technical Knowledge:
There s scarcity of the facilities for the technical education and research etc. in India. About 36 per cent of the population of India is illiterate. The productivity declines as there is lack of technical education and facilities of training.

8. Low Productivity:
In India the productivity is low, therefore, proper returns from tire resources are not obtained and the people remain poor. Low productivity in the agriculture sector is the chief reason for rural poverty.

9. Uncertainty in Agriculture:
The Indian economy is based on agriculture, which depends on monsoon for irrigation. Monsoon is always uncertain due to which there have been fluctuations in the agricultural production. These natural calamities affect agricultural production adversely, which results in poverty

10. Lack of Means of Transport and Communication:
In India 1 the rapid growth of agriculture, industries, and the tertiary sector is not possible means of transport and communications are not fully developed

Question 2.Describe in brief the main programmers for the eradication of poverty in India?
Answer:The Indian planners were concerned from the very beginning regarding the eradication of the problem of poverty. In this direction the government endeavored to promote economic growth. It has adopted many poverty- alleviation programmers and has launched many schemes to fulfill the needs of people of the rural areas. Following are the main programmers for the eradication of poverty.

1. Swarnjayanti Gram:
Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) Was started on 1^st April, 1999. The programmer aims at bringing the poor families above poverty line within the period of three years by organizing them into self-help group through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy. This programmer also aims to generate additional income for rural poorer. This is being conducted through the District Village Development Agency (Jila Gramya Vikas Abhikaran)

2. Swarnjayanti Shahri Rojgar Yojna:
This scheme was launched on 11^th December, 1997 for the eradication of poverty in urban areas. The scheme aims at providing financial aid to the poor in the urban areas for self-employment and for building assets for the creation of salaried employment.

3. Prime Minister Rojgar Yojna:
The scheme started on 2nd October, 1993. It aims to create self – employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth of 18 to 35 years age – group in rural areas and small towns.

4. Grameen Rojgar Srajun Karyakram:
This scheme was launched in April 1995 with the aim to establish projects and create self – employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns.

5. Annapoorna Yojna:
This scheme was started on 1^st April, 2000. This scheme aims to provide food security to people of 65 years of age and above who were illegible to obtain pension under the National Old Age Pension Scheme but are not receiving it. Under this scheme per month per head 10 kilograms of food-grains are provided free of cost. In the year 2002-03 National Social Help Program was merged with it.

6. Janshri Yojna:
This scheme was launched in August 2000, to provide social security to the poor section of the society, under this scheme Rs. 20,000 in case of natural death, Rs. 50,000 in case of dearth or permanent disability in an accident and Rs. 25,000 in case of partial disability is provided to the concerned person.

7. Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojna:
This scheme was launched in the rural areas with the air the increasing job opportunities along with food security. The laborers working under this scheme are paid a minimum quantity of food i.e. 5 – kilogram of cereals and a minimum 20 per cent wages in cash. The aim of this scheme is to provide security to the weaker sections of the society.

8. Gram Sainradhi Yojna:
A declaration to launch this scheme was made in March 1999. The present existing Jawahar Rojgar Yojna will be changed in a way all the funds can be spent by the Gram Panchayats, so that the can use it in rural development programmers. Thus they will have power to prepare and implement annual plans related to this work